Image Sensors Market: By Type, By Image Processing Technology, By Resolution, By End Use, and Region Forecast 2020-2031
Image Sensors Market size was valued at US$ 19,800 million in 2024 and is expected to reach US$ 31,500 million by 2031, growing at a significant CAGR of 6.5% from 2025-2031. Moreover, the U.S. Image Sensors Market is expected to grow steadily, reaching an estimated value of US$ 7,400 million by 2031, supported by rising adoption in smartphones, automotive safety systems, healthcare diagnostics, and surveillance technologies.
The global image sensors market encompasses the development and production of devices that convert optical images into electronic signals, enabling digital imaging across a wide range of applications. These sensors, primarily categorized into CMOS and CCD technologies, play a critical role in consumer electronics, automotive safety systems, industrial automation, healthcare diagnostics, and surveillance. The market is experiencing steady growth due to the rising demand for high-resolution imaging, advancements in sensor miniaturization, and increased integration of cameras in smart devices and vehicles. Additionally, the expansion of autonomous systems, wearable technologies, and AI-driven imaging solutions is further driving innovation and adoption. As manufacturers prioritize low power consumption, higher sensitivity, and faster processing speeds, image sensors continue to evolve as a key enabler of next-generation digital technologies.
Based on the Type
CMOS image sensors have emerged as the dominant market leader in image sensors due to their unmatched scalability, reduced power consumption, and higher integration. Unlike traditional alternatives, CMOS sensors can accommodate image capture, signal processing, and control circuits on a single chip, making them the first choice for networked and miniaturized devices. Their flexibility has led to widespread application in smartphones, automotive cameras, and medical imaging equipment. With declining cost of manufacture and improving performance, CMOS is now the norm for high-volume applications and specialized applications. The trend towards AI-powered edge devices further amplifies the use of CMOS, considering that these sensors are well-suited for fast, efficient processing in-line at the data capture source point.
Based on the Image Processing Technology
3D image sensing technology is gaining momentum in applications that need spatial understanding and depth awareness. It is one of the core technologies used in applications like face recognition, gesture control, AR/VR systems, and autonomous navigation. While 2D imaging only senses the intensity of light, 3D sensors sense both intensity and depth, enabling devices to understand and react to their surroundings with contextually aware understanding. Structured light, time-of-flight, and stereoscopic methods are being taken up by mobile phones, robots, and factory inspection systems. 3D sensors have turned into a necessity as there is an ever-growing need for immersive user interfaces and real-time spatial data to enable precision, safety, and interaction in consumer and enterprise worlds. With decreasing form factors, 3D sensing is evolving into a ubiquitous feature in high-tech vision systems.
Based on the Resolution
12 MP to 16 MP resolution segment is the best balance of image acuteness, sensor size, and power efficiency and thus the costliest option in present-generation imaging technology. Segment is particularly common in mid-to-premium smartphones as well as surveillance cameras, where users expect clear images without high data or power overhead. Sensors in this range offer enough pixel density to support high-definition video, digital zoom, and advanced AI-driven features such as scene detection or object tracking. Manufacturers like this segment the most since it allows them to reconcile the cost and capability of a sensor with the diverse demands of applications. With camera-oriented experiences on the rise in mobile and surveillance environments, the resolution bracket is a sweet spot between pricing and capability.
Based on the End Use
Consumer electronics lead the image sensor demand, as wearables, tablets, and smartphones increasingly feature more advanced camera systems as core user functionality. In smartphones alone, multi-camera arrays featuring wide-angle, telephoto, and depth-sensing capabilities are now ubiquitous, all dependent on miniature, high-resolution image sensors. Apart from photography, these sensors enable facial recognition, augmented reality, and computational imaging that enhance device functionality and customization. With user expectations leaning towards visual quality and interactivity, companies are adopting AI-ready image sensors that can analyze a scene in real-time and optimize content. The need for ultra-thin form factors, longer battery life, and native digital experience continues to drive consumer-grade image sensor innovation, positioning the segment as both volume-driven and innovation-led.
Study Period
2025-2031Base Year
2024CAGR
6.5%Largest Market
North-AmericaFastest Growing Market
Asia-Pacific
The integration of image sensors into smart systems across diverse industries is a key driver of growth in the image sensor market. While smartphones continue to lead in terms of volume demand, emerging applications such as autonomous vehicles, facial recognition, and industrial vision systems are opening up higher-value opportunities. In the automotive sector, image sensors serve as the critical visual components behind lane-keeping systems and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), where real-time accuracy is essential. In the medical field, they enable advanced imaging for diagnostics, endoscopy, and minimally invasive procedures. Industrial robots rely on image sensors for tasks such as environmental mapping, object detection, and quality control. As the use of visual data becomes increasingly central to decision-making and automation, image sensors are transitioning from peripheral components to foundational technologies that enable embedded intelligence and operational efficiency.
A major restraint in the image sensor market is the rising design complexity and manufacturing cost associated with developing advanced, multi-functional sensors. As end-users demand smaller form factors, higher resolution, improved low-light performance, and faster data processing, manufacturers face the ongoing challenge of balancing technological innovation with cost efficiency. Advanced architectures such as stacked or backside-illuminated CMOS sensors deliver superior performance but involve intricate fabrication processes and increased yield risks. Scalability remains a hurdle, especially for mid-sized players and applications with tight budget constraints. The integration of AI cores or real-time analytics further compounds system-level complexity. In highly competitive segments like consumer electronics and smartphones, OEMs expect higher-quality sensors at increasingly lower price points, exerting significant pressure on profit margins, R&D timelines, and supply chain responsiveness.
The image sensors market is rapidly expanding into emerging verticals that were previously untapped or underdeveloped. Applications in smart agriculture, smart cities, retail analytics, and health-focused wearables are increasingly leveraging visual intelligence for automation and personalization. In precision agriculture, image sensors mounted on drones and autonomous tractors enable crop health monitoring and yield forecasting. In the retail sector, ceiling-mounted sensors are being used to analyze foot traffic, optimize store layouts, and enhance customer experiences through facial and gesture recognition. Wearable devices are integrating miniaturized image sensors to monitor vital sign such as heart rate using optical sensing techniques. These new markets demand high levels of design flexibility, ultra-low power consumption, miniaturization, and seamless integration with edge AI. This evolving landscape presents significant opportunities for niche players and agile sensor startups capable of meeting these specialized requirements.
A key trend shaping the image sensor market is the emergence of AI-powered sensors equipped with on-device intelligence at the edge. These next-generation sensors go beyond simple data capture they are capable of processing, filtering, and responding to information in real time without reliance on cloud computing or external processors. This capability is especially critical in latency-sensitive and data-intensive applications such as autonomous vehicles, industrial robotics, and security surveillance, where bandwidth constraints and data privacy are major concerns. Modern image sensors now feature integrated neural processing units or interface seamlessly with AI accelerators, enabling functions such as facial recognition, anomaly detection, object tracking, and gesture interpretation directly on the chip. This evolution reflects a broader industry shift toward distributed intelligence, where sensors act as the first point of decision-making enhancing speed, reducing dependency on centralized systems, and enabling greater autonomy.
Report Benchmarks |
Details |
Report Study Period |
2025-2031 |
Market Size in 2024 |
US$ 19,800 million |
Market Size in 2031 |
US$ 31,500 million |
Market CAGR |
6.5% |
By Type |
|
By Image Processing Technology |
|
By Resolution |
|
By End User |
|
By Region |
|
According to PBI Analyst, the image sensor market is witnessing an inflection point driven by the convergence of miniaturization, real-time intelligence, and cross-industry adoption. No longer limited to digital photography, sensors are now embedded into how modern machines perceive and interpret their environment. Their relevance has extended to advanced automotive systems, surgical robotics, industrial inspection, and smart infrastructure. CMOS sensors, in particular, have redefined design efficiency, enabling compact, AI-ready devices. Asia-Pacific’s manufacturing muscle combined with North America’s innovation push is accelerating customized deployment at scale. The future of the market lies in visual intelligence, where sensors are not just seeing tools, but active participants in decision-making across sectors.
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Image Sensors Market size was valued at US$ 19,800 million in 2024 and is expected to reach US$ 31,500 million by 2031, growing at a significant CAGR of 6.5% from 2025-2031.
Integration of image sensors into smart systems across automotive, industrial, and medical sectors is a key growth driver.
The shift toward AI-powered sensors with edge processing is redefining how visual data is captured and acted upon.
Market research is segmented based on type, image processing technology, resolution, end use, and region.
Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region due to strong semiconductor manufacturing, rising electronics demand, and public-private tech investments.
1. Executive Summary |
2. Global Image Sensors Market Introduction |
2.1.Global Image Sensors Market - Taxonomy |
2.2.Global Image Sensors Market - Definitions |
2.2.1.Type |
2.2.2.Application |
2.2.3.Resolution |
2.2.4.End User |
2.2.5.Region |
3. Global Image Sensors Market Dynamics |
3.1. Drivers |
3.2. Restraints |
3.3. Opportunities/Unmet Needs of the Market |
3.4. Trends |
3.5. Product Landscape |
3.6. New Product Launches |
3.7. Impact of COVID 19 on Market |
4. Global Image Sensors Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 |
4.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) |
4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
5. Global Image Sensors Market By Type , 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
5.1. CCD Image Sensors |
5.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
5.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
5.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
5.2. CMOS Image Sensors |
5.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
5.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
5.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
6. Global Image Sensors Market By Application, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
6.1. 2D |
6.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
6.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
6.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
6.2. 3D |
6.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
6.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
6.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
7. Global Image Sensors Market By Resolution, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
7.1. Upto 5 MP |
7.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
7.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
7.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
7.2. 5 MP to 16 MP |
7.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
7.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
7.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
7.3. 12 MP to 16 MP |
7.3.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
7.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
7.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
7.4. Above 16 MP |
7.4.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
7.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
7.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
8. Global Image Sensors Market By End User, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.1. Aerospace & Defense |
8.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
8.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
8.2. Automotive |
8.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
8.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
8.3. Consumer Electronics |
8.3.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
8.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
8.4. Healthcare & Lifesciences |
8.4.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
8.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
8.5. Industrial |
8.5.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
8.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
8.6. Security & Surveillance |
8.6.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.6.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
8.6.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
8.7. Others |
8.7.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
8.7.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
8.7.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
9. Global Image Sensors Market By Region, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
9.1. North America |
9.1.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
9.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
9.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
9.2. Europe |
9.2.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
9.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
9.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
9.3. Asia Pacific (APAC) |
9.3.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
9.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
9.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
9.4. Middle East and Africa (MEA) |
9.4.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
9.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
9.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
9.5. Latin America |
9.5.1. Market Analysis, 2020 - 2024 and Forecast, 2025 - 2031, (Sales Value USD Million) |
9.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
9.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
10. North America Image Sensors Market ,2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
10.1. Type Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
10.1.1.CCD Image Sensors |
10.1.2.CMOS Image Sensors |
10.2. Application Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
10.2.1.2D |
10.2.2.3D |
10.3. Resolution Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
10.3.1.Upto 5 MP |
10.3.2.5 MP to 16 MP |
10.3.3.12 MP to 16 MP |
10.3.4.Above 16 MP |
10.4. End User Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
10.4.1.Aerospace & Defense |
10.4.2.Automotive |
10.4.3.Consumer Electronics |
10.4.4.Healthcare & Lifesciences |
10.4.5.Industrial |
10.4.6.Security & Surveillance |
10.4.7.Others |
10.5. Country Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
10.5.1.United States of America (USA) |
10.5.2.Canada |
11. Europe Image Sensors Market ,2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
11.1. Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
11.1.1.CCD Image Sensors |
11.1.2.CMOS Image Sensors |
11.2. Application Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
11.2.1.2D |
11.2.2.3D |
11.3. Resolution Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
11.3.1.Upto 5 MP |
11.3.2.5 MP to 16 MP |
11.3.3.12 MP to 16 MP |
11.3.4.Above 16 MP |
11.4. End User Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
11.4.1.Aerospace & Defense |
11.4.2.Automotive |
11.4.3.Consumer Electronics |
11.4.4.Healthcare & Lifesciences |
11.4.5.Industrial |
11.4.6.Security & Surveillance |
11.4.7.Others |
11.5. Country Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
11.5.1.Germany |
11.5.2.France |
11.5.3.Italy |
11.5.4.United Kingdom (UK) |
11.5.5.Spain |
12. Asia Pacific (APAC) Image Sensors Market ,2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
12.1. Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
12.1.1.CCD Image Sensors |
12.1.2.CMOS Image Sensors |
12.2. Application Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
12.2.1.2D |
12.2.2.3D |
12.3. Resolution Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
12.3.1.Upto 5 MP |
12.3.2.5 MP to 16 MP |
12.3.3.12 MP to 16 MP |
12.3.4.Above 16 MP |
12.4. End User Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
12.4.1.Aerospace & Defense |
12.4.2.Automotive |
12.4.3.Consumer Electronics |
12.4.4.Healthcare & Lifesciences |
12.4.5.Industrial |
12.4.6.Security & Surveillance |
12.4.7.Others |
12.5. Country Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
12.5.1.China |
12.5.2.India |
12.5.3.Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) |
12.5.4.Japan |
12.5.5.Rest of APAC |
13. Middle East and Africa (MEA) Image Sensors Market ,2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
13.1. Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
13.1.1.CCD Image Sensors |
13.1.2.CMOS Image Sensors |
13.2. Application Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
13.2.1.2D |
13.2.2.3D |
13.3. Resolution Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
13.3.1.Upto 5 MP |
13.3.2.5 MP to 16 MP |
13.3.3.12 MP to 16 MP |
13.3.4.Above 16 MP |
13.4. End User Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
13.4.1.Aerospace & Defense |
13.4.2.Automotive |
13.4.3.Consumer Electronics |
13.4.4.Healthcare & Lifesciences |
13.4.5.Industrial |
13.4.6.Security & Surveillance |
13.4.7.Others |
13.5. Country Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
13.5.1.GCC Countries |
13.5.2.South Africa |
13.5.3.Rest of MEA |
14. Latin America Image Sensors Market ,2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 (Sales Value USD Million) |
14.1. Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
14.1.1.CCD Image Sensors |
14.1.2.CMOS Image Sensors |
14.2. Application Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
14.2.1.2D |
14.2.2.3D |
14.3. Resolution Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
14.3.1.Upto 5 MP |
14.3.2.5 MP to 16 MP |
14.3.3.12 MP to 16 MP |
14.3.4.Above 16 MP |
14.4. End User Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
14.4.1.Aerospace & Defense |
14.4.2.Automotive |
14.4.3.Consumer Electronics |
14.4.4.Healthcare & Lifesciences |
14.4.5.Industrial |
14.4.6.Security & Surveillance |
14.4.7.Others |
14.5. Country Analysis 2020 - 2024 and Forecast 2025 - 2031 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
14.5.1.Brazil |
14.5.2.Mexico |
14.5.3.Rest of LA |
15. Competition Landscape |
15.1. Market Player Profiles (Introduction, Brand/Product Sales, Financial Analysis, Product Offerings, Key Developments, Collaborations, M & A, Strategies, and SWOT Analysis) |
15.2.1.ams OSRAM AG |
15.2.2.Canon Inc. |
15.2.3.Continental AG |
15.2.4.Denso Corp. |
15.2.5.GalaxyCore Shanghai Limited Corporation |
15.2.6.Gentex Corporation |
15.2.7.Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. |
15.2.8.Himax Technologies, Inc. |
15.2.9.Infineon Technologies AG |
15.2.10.NXP Semiconductors |
16. Research Methodology |
17. Appendix and Abbreviations |
Key Market Players