- Conjugate
- Live Attenuated Vaccines
- Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines
- Toxoid Vaccines
- Recombinant Vaccines
Therapeutic Vaccines Market size was valued at USD 28.4 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach USD 103.23 billion by 2028, at a significant CAGR of 18.03% from 2023-2029. Therapeutic vaccines are biological combinations which develop immunity against a diseased tissue or cell. Therapeutic vaccines are administered to the patient in order to induce a defence mechanism against particular disease. These are developed to treat various cancer diseases, HIV, and Alzheimers disease etc. Prophylactic vaccines differ from therapeutic vaccines are used for the prevention and control of diseases, while the prophylactic vaccines are only used for prevention of diseases. Therapeutic vaccines are specially manufactured for the HIV positive individuals with the healthy immune system, to increase the ability to fight against microorganisms. Therapeutic vaccines are currently developed for chronic viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), cancer, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus etc. as an alternative to antiviral treatment.
The global therapeutic vaccines market is in the nascent stage where many players are actively involved in the development of therapeutic vaccines. Few companies have adopted some key business strategies, such as product innovation, and new product launching to ensure their dominance in the global therapeutic vaccines market. The global therapeutic vaccines market is positively affected by the significant rise in prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, and HIV etc. Few companies have taken an active lead in research and development of therapeutic vaccines. For instance, in April 2010, Dendreon Corporation, launched FDA approved immunotherapy drug Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer. According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there are some vaccines in the clinical trial stage, such as Lucanix (Belagenpumatucel-L), gp100 melanoma vaccine, for Non-small cell lung cancer. Similarly, Merck & Co., Inc. and GSK Plc. are expected to launch vaccines such as GSK1572932A, and GV1001 having entered phase 3 trials.
Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market Summary
Study Period
2023-29
Base Year
2022
CAGR
18.03%
Largest Market
Europe
Fastest Growing Market
North-America
Therapeutic Vaccines Market Dynamics
The global market is expected to grow at a significant CAGR due to increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, and HIV etc. According to World Health Organisation, an escalation of the diseases such as cancer (approximately 8.8 Mn people died in 2015) and HIV expected to drive the growth of global market over the forecasting period. The advanced and active R&D activities for therapeutic vaccines by pharmaceutical companies for various types of cancers are in pipeline which is expected to create potential opportunity in the global market in future. Apart from this, rising number of mergers and acquisitions, and an increase in funding from government for development of therapeutic vaccines might fuel the growth of global therapeutic vaccines market over the forecasting period. However, inefficient research and development and non-existent reimbursement policies for vaccines are the primary factors which are expected to hinder the growth of global market. Similarly, stringent regulatory implications, higher cost of vaccines, lesser accessibility to the vaccines, availability of alternative treatments for the diseases, and some adverse effects associated with the vaccines might hamper the growth of global therapeutic vaccines market over the forecast period.
North-America Got Significant Share
Therapeutic Vaccines Market Regional Analysis
Geographically, the global market has been segmented into following regions Viz. North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America accounts for the largest share in global market followed by Europe and Asia-Pacific. In North-America, U.S. contributes the largest share in global market (according to U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), therapeutic vaccines can suppress almost 10 infectious diseases in U.S. by up to 90%). Rising technology support for the development of new vaccines and well-developed healthcare infrastructure expected to fuel the growth of therapeutic vaccines market in North-America region. Europe, which currently stands at the second position in global market, and is expected to show a significant growth due to the increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases. Asia-Pacific region expected to grow at a significant rate due to rising prevalence of various infectious and chronic diseases and aging population. Large investments in the field of research and development and increasing medical tourism in Asian countries might fuel the growth of therapeutic vaccine market in the Asia-pacific region. Latin America is another important regional market, which offers vast opportunities for the players entering into this market, and is expected to grow moderately due to the high cost of therapeutic vaccines.
Latin America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Middle East
North America
Key Features of the Reports
- The therapeutic vaccines market report provides granular level information about the market size, regional market share, historic market (2018-2022) and forecast (2023-2029)
- The report covers in-detail insights about the competitor’s overview, company share analysis, key market developments, and their key strategies
- The report outlines drivers, restraints, unmet needs, and trends that are currently affecting the market
- The report tracks recent innovations, key developments and startup’s details that are actively working in the market
- The report provides plethora of information about market entry strategies, regulatory framework and reimbursement scenario
- The report analyses the impact of socio-political environment through PESTLE Analysis and competition through Porter’s Five Force Analysis in addition to recent technology advancements and innovations in the market
Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market Segmentation
By Product Type
By Application
- Infectious Diseases
- Oncology
- Addiction
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Neurological Diseases
- Others
By Technology
- Autologous Vaccines
- Allogeneic Vaccines
By End User
- Hospitals
- Clinics
- Others
By Geography
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East & Africa
Frequently Asked Questions
The Therapeutic vaccines market size was valued at USD 28.4 billion in 2022.
The Therapeutic vaccines market has been classified into North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and the rest of MEA.
The Therapeutic vaccines market key players are Merck & Co., Inc. (U.S.), GlaxoSmithKline plc (U.K.), Novartis AG (Switzerland), Sanofi (France), Dendreon (U.S.), Agenus Inc. (U.S.), Valeant (Canada), Bavarian Nordic (Denmark), Pfizer, Inc. (U.S.), Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (U.S.)
| 1.Executive Summary |
| 2.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market Introduction |
| 2.1.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market - Taxonomy |
| 2.2.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market - Definitions |
| 2.2.1.Product Type |
| 2.2.2.Application |
| 2.2.3.Technology |
| 2.2.4.End User |
| 2.2.5.Region |
| 3.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market Dynamics |
| 3.1. Drivers |
| 3.2. Restraints |
| 3.3. Opportunities/Unmet Needs of the Market |
| 3.4. Trends |
| 3.5. Product Landscape |
| 3.6. New Product Launches |
| 3.7. Impact of COVID 19 on Market |
| 4.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 |
| 4.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) |
| 4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 5.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market By Product Type, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 5.1. Conjugate |
| 5.1.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 5.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 5.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 5.2. Live Attenuated Vaccines |
| 5.2.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 5.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 5.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 5.3. Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines |
| 5.3.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 5.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 5.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 5.4. Toxoid Vaccines |
| 5.4.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 5.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 5.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 5.5. Recombinant Vaccines |
| 5.5.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 5.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 5.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 6.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market By Application, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 6.1. Infectious Diseases |
| 6.1.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 6.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 6.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 6.2. Oncology |
| 6.2.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 6.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 6.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 6.3. Addiction |
| 6.3.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 6.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 6.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 6.4. Autoimmune Diseases |
| 6.4.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 6.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 6.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 6.5. Neurological Diseases |
| 6.5.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 6.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 6.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 6.6. Others |
| 6.6.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 6.6.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 6.6.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 7.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market By Technology, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 7.1. Autologous Vaccines |
| 7.1.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 7.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 7.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 7.2. Allogeneic Vaccines |
| 7.2.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 7.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 7.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 8.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market By End User, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 8.1. Hospitals |
| 8.1.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 8.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 8.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 8.2. Clinics |
| 8.2.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 8.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 8.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 8.3. Others |
| 8.3.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 8.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 8.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 9.Global Therapeutic Vaccines Market By Region, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 9.1. North America |
| 9.1.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 9.1.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 9.1.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 9.2. Europe |
| 9.2.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 9.2.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 9.2.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 9.3. Asia Pacific (APAC) |
| 9.3.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 9.3.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 9.3.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 9.4. Middle East and Africa (MEA) |
| 9.4.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 9.4.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 9.4.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 9.5. Latin America |
| 9.5.1. Market Analysis, 2018 - 2022 and Forecast, 2023 - 2029, (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 9.5.2. Year-Over-Year (Y-o-Y) Growth Analysis (%) and Market Share Analysis (%) |
| 9.5.3. Market Opportunity Analysis |
| 10.North America Therapeutic Vaccines Market ,2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 10.1. Product Type Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 10.1.1.Conjugate |
| 10.1.2.Live Attenuated Vaccines |
| 10.1.3.Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines |
| 10.1.4.Toxoid Vaccines |
| 10.1.5.Recombinant Vaccines |
| 10.2. Application Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 10.2.1.Infectious Diseases |
| 10.2.2.Oncology |
| 10.2.3.Addiction |
| 10.2.4.Autoimmune Diseases |
| 10.2.5.Neurological Diseases |
| 10.2.6.Others |
| 10.3. Technology Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 10.3.1.Autologous Vaccines |
| 10.3.2.Allogeneic Vaccines |
| 10.4. End User Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 10.4.1.Hospitals |
| 10.4.2.Clinics |
| 10.4.3.Others |
| 10.5. Country Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 10.5.1.United States of America (USA) |
| 10.5.2.Canada |
| 11.Europe Therapeutic Vaccines Market ,2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 11.1. Product Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 11.1.1.Conjugate |
| 11.1.2.Live Attenuated Vaccines |
| 11.1.3.Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines |
| 11.1.4.Toxoid Vaccines |
| 11.1.5.Recombinant Vaccines |
| 11.2. Application Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 11.2.1.Infectious Diseases |
| 11.2.2.Oncology |
| 11.2.3.Addiction |
| 11.2.4.Autoimmune Diseases |
| 11.2.5.Neurological Diseases |
| 11.2.6.Others |
| 11.3. Technology Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 11.3.1.Autologous Vaccines |
| 11.3.2.Allogeneic Vaccines |
| 11.4. End User Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 11.4.1.Hospitals |
| 11.4.2.Clinics |
| 11.4.3.Others |
| 11.5. Country Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 11.5.1.Germany |
| 11.5.2.France |
| 11.5.3.Italy |
| 11.5.4.United Kingdom (UK) |
| 11.5.5.Spain |
| 11.5.6.Rest of EU |
| 12.Asia Pacific (APAC) Therapeutic Vaccines Market ,2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 12.1. Product Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 12.1.1.Conjugate |
| 12.1.2.Live Attenuated Vaccines |
| 12.1.3.Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines |
| 12.1.4.Toxoid Vaccines |
| 12.1.5.Recombinant Vaccines |
| 12.2. Application Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 12.2.1.Infectious Diseases |
| 12.2.2.Oncology |
| 12.2.3.Addiction |
| 12.2.4.Autoimmune Diseases |
| 12.2.5.Neurological Diseases |
| 12.2.6.Others |
| 12.3. Technology Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 12.3.1.Autologous Vaccines |
| 12.3.2.Allogeneic Vaccines |
| 12.4. End User Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 12.4.1.Hospitals |
| 12.4.2.Clinics |
| 12.4.3.Others |
| 12.5. Country Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 12.5.1.China |
| 12.5.2.India |
| 12.5.3.Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) |
| 12.5.4.Japan |
| 12.5.5.Rest of APAC |
| 13.Middle East and Africa (MEA) Therapeutic Vaccines Market ,2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 13.1. Product Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 13.1.1.Conjugate |
| 13.1.2.Live Attenuated Vaccines |
| 13.1.3.Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines |
| 13.1.4.Toxoid Vaccines |
| 13.1.5.Recombinant Vaccines |
| 13.2. Application Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 13.2.1.Infectious Diseases |
| 13.2.2.Oncology |
| 13.2.3.Addiction |
| 13.2.4.Autoimmune Diseases |
| 13.2.5.Neurological Diseases |
| 13.2.6.Others |
| 13.3. Technology Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 13.3.1.Autologous Vaccines |
| 13.3.2.Allogeneic Vaccines |
| 13.4. End User Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 13.4.1.Hospitals |
| 13.4.2.Clinics |
| 13.4.3.Others |
| 13.5. Country Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 13.5.1.GCC Countries |
| 13.5.2.South Africa |
| 13.5.3.Rest of MEA |
| 14.Latin America Therapeutic Vaccines Market ,2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 (Sales Value USD Million) |
| 14.1. Product Type Analysis and Forecast by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 14.1.1.Conjugate |
| 14.1.2.Live Attenuated Vaccines |
| 14.1.3.Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines |
| 14.1.4.Toxoid Vaccines |
| 14.1.5.Recombinant Vaccines |
| 14.2. Application Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 14.2.1.Infectious Diseases |
| 14.2.2.Oncology |
| 14.2.3.Addiction |
| 14.2.4.Autoimmune Diseases |
| 14.2.5.Neurological Diseases |
| 14.2.6.Others |
| 14.3. Technology Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 14.3.1.Autologous Vaccines |
| 14.3.2.Allogeneic Vaccines |
| 14.4. End User Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 14.4.1.Hospitals |
| 14.4.2.Clinics |
| 14.4.3.Others |
| 14.5. Country Analysis 2018 - 2022 and Forecast 2023 - 2029 by Sales Value USD Million, Y-o-Y Growth (%), and Market Share (%) |
| 14.5.1.Brazil |
| 14.5.2.Mexico |
| 14.5.3.Rest of LA |
| 15. Competition Landscape |
| 15.1. Market Player Profiles (Introduction, Brand/Product Sales, Financial Analysis, Product Offerings, Key Developments, Collaborations, M & A, Strategies, and SWOT Analysis) |
| 15.2.1.Merck & Co., Inc. (U.S) |
| 15.2.2.GlaxoSmithKline plc (U.K) |
| 15.2.3.Novartis AG (Switzerland) |
| 15.2.4.Sanofi (France) |
| 15.2.5.Dendreon (U.S) |
| 15.2.6.Agenus Inc. (U.S) |
| 15.2.7.Valeant (Canada) |
| 15.2.8.Bavarian Nordic (Denmark) |
| 15.2.9.Pfizer, Inc. (U.S) |
| 15.2.10.Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (U.S) |
| 16. Research Methodology |
| 17. Appendix and Abbreviations |
- Merck & Co., Inc. (U.S)
- GlaxoSmithKline plc (U.K)
- Novartis AG (Switzerland)
- Sanofi (France)
- Dendreon (U.S)
- Agenus Inc. (U.S)
- Valeant (Canada)
- Bavarian Nordic (Denmark)
- Pfizer, Inc. (U.S)
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (U.S)